Receding Gums: Early Signs and When To Call a Dentist

What does it mean when gums recede?

Gum recession means the gum pulls back from the tooth and exposes more of its surface. The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) says the gums may pull away from the teeth, making the teeth appear longer. The American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) says that when recession exposes the tooth root, the teeth look long.

This matters for more than looks. NIDCR says that where gums have pulled away from the teeth, the exposed tooth roots can decay as well. See gum recession in our glossary for a short definition.

What are the early signs?

Recession can start slowly. The AAP says gum disease is often silent, meaning symptoms may not appear until the advanced stages. Watch for these signs.

None of these signs proves recession or gum disease. They are reasons to book a visit. Only an exam can tell what is going on. Learn more about tooth sensitivity and what it can mean.

What causes receding gums?

There is more than one cause, and they can overlap. The sources name these:

• Gum disease. The AAP says gum recession can result from periodontal disease. NIDCR says gum disease starts with swollen, red, and bleeding gums, and can spread to the bones that support the teeth. See gingivitis and periodontitis in our glossary.
• Vigorous brushing. A journal article from the ADA lists gums that have pulled away from the tooth roots as a result of gum disease or vigorous brushing.
• Tobacco. NIDCR says smoking or using tobacco products is the most significant risk factor for gum disease. It adds that tobacco use can delay healing and make gum disease treatment less successful.
• Other risk factors. NIDCR also lists older age, diabetes, and genetics.

Your dentist looks at your gums, measures the spaces around your teeth, and takes X-rays when needed. That is how the cause gets sorted out.

How can I protect my gums at home?

The ADA recommends a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle pressure, both of which may help reduce the risk of gum injury. NIDCR says to brush gently using small, circular motions and not to scrub hard back and forth. It also says to clean between your teeth once a day.

A short routine helps:

1. Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, using a soft brush.
2. Use light pressure. Let the bristles do the work.
3. Clean between your teeth once a day.
4. Do not use tobacco.
5. Keep your cleaning and check-up visits.

NIDCR says early gum disease can often be reversed by daily brushing and flossing. Once gum disease has advanced, a dentist or hygienist needs to treat it. See our guide on gum recession treatment and our gum disease guide.

Does the way I brush matter?

Yes. The ADA suggests placing the toothbrush against the gumline at a 45-degree angle and moving it gently back and forth in short strokes. It says brushing should reach all surfaces: inner, outer, and chewing. It recommends brushing twice a day for two minutes with a fluoride toothpaste.

If you brush hard because you want your teeth to feel clean, try a lighter touch. Clean teeth do not need force. Ask your dentist or hygienist to watch you brush and show you a lighter way. Our guide to sensitive teeth covers what to do about the sensitivity that recession can bring.

What can a dentist do?

Your dentist first finds the cause. If gum disease is part of the picture, treatment aims to control the infection. NIDCR says the dentist may do a deep cleaning called scaling and root planing, may discuss ways to clean your teeth and gums, and may prescribe an oral rinse. In advanced cases, surgery may be needed.

For gums that have already pulled back, the AAP says gum graft surgery and other root coverage procedures are designed to cover exposed roots, reduce further gum recession, protect vulnerable tooth roots from decay, and improve your smile. Not every case calls for surgery. Read about the gum graft in our glossary, and ask your dentist what fits you.

When should I call?

Call your dentist if a tooth looks longer than it used to, if your gums bleed, or if a tooth feels sensitive or loose. NIDCR says gum disease can make teeth loose. Do not wait for pain, since gum disease can be silent. If you have swelling that makes breathing or swallowing hard, go to an emergency room.

Next step

To have your gums checked, read the office’s periodontal care page, then call Town Center Dental at (636) 273-5866 or request an appointment. Your dentist will talk with you about what to expect.